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| Supported Targets | ESP32 | ESP32-C2 | ESP32-C3 | ESP32-C5 | ESP32-C6 | ESP32-C61 | ESP32-H2 | ESP32-H21 | ESP32-H4 | ESP32-P4 | ESP32-S2 | ESP32-S3 | Linux |
| ----------------- | ----- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | --------- | -------- | --------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ----- |
# DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor for ESP32-C3
# Hello World Example
ESP-IDF project that reads temperature and humidity data from a DHT11 sensor and prints it to the serial console.
Starts a FreeRTOS task to print "Hello World".
## Overview
(See the README.md file in the upper level 'examples' directory for more information about examples.)
This project reads data from a **DHT11** digital temperature and humidity sensor using the ESP32-C3 microcontroller. It implements the DHT11 communication protocol in software, reads sensor values every 5 seconds, validates the checksum, and displays:
## How to use example
- Current date and time (derived from compile time)
- Chip information (model, cores, features, flash size, silicon revision)
- Humidity percentage with 1 decimal place
- Temperature in Celsius with 1 decimal place
- Checksum validation status
Follow detailed instructions provided specifically for this example.
## Hardware Requirements
Select the instructions depending on Espressif chip installed on your development board:
| Component | Details |
|-----------|---------|
| Microcontroller | ESP32-C3 |
| Sensor | DHT11 (AM2302) |
| Connection | Single wire + pull-up resistor |
| Data Pin | **GPIO 0** (configurable in `main/main.c`) |
| Resistor | 4.7kΩ - 10kΩ pull-up between VCC and DATA |
- [ESP32 Getting Started Guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/get-started/index.html)
- [ESP32-S2 Getting Started Guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32s2/get-started/index.html)
## Example folder contents
The project **hello_world** contains one source file in C language [hello_world_main.c](main/hello_world_main.c). The file is located in folder [main](main).
ESP-IDF projects are built using CMake. The project build configuration is contained in `CMakeLists.txt` files that provide set of directives and instructions describing the project's source files and targets (executable, library, or both).
Below is short explanation of remaining files in the project folder.
### Wiring Diagram
```
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── pytest.py Python script used for automated testing
├── main
├── CMakeLists.txt
│ └── hello_world_main.c
└── README.md This is the file you are currently reading
DHT11 ESP32-C3
VCC ------ 3V3
DATA ----- GPIO0
GND ------ GND
```
For more information on structure and contents of ESP-IDF projects, please refer to Section [Build System](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/api-guides/build-system.html) of the ESP-IDF Programming Guide.
Add a **4.7kΩ pull-up resistor** between VCC and DATA pin.
## Supported Targets
| ESP32 | ESP32-C2 | ESP32-C3 | ESP32-S2 | ESP32-S3 |
| ----- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
| ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
## Project Structure
```
dht11_reader/
├── CMakeLists.txt # Project configuration
├── sdkconfig # Build configuration
├── main/
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt # Main component configuration
│ └── main.c # Application source code
└── README.md # This file
```
## Setup & Build
### Prerequisites
- [ESP-IDF v6.0](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v6.0/esp32c3/get-started/index.html)
- RISC-V toolchain (riscv32-esp-elf)
- Python 3.13+ with virtual environment
### Build Instructions
```bash
# Activate ESP-IDF environment
source "$HOME/.espressif/tools/activate_idf_v6.0.sh"
# Navigate to project
cd temperature_measure
# Build the project
idf.py build
# Flash to device (replace PORT with your serial port)
idf.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 flash monitor
```
## Configuration
The DHT11 data pin is defined in `main/main.c`:
```c
#define DHT11_GPIO 0
```
To use a different GPIO, change this define and rebuild.
### Reading Interval
The sensor is read every 5 seconds:
```c
vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(5000));
```
Note: DHT11 requires at least 1 second between readings. Adjust as needed.
## How It Works
### DHT11 Communication Protocol
1. **Start Signal**: MCU pulls DATA line low for 20ms, then high
2. **Sensor Response**: DHT11 pulls line low for ~80μs, then high for ~80μs
3. **Data Transmission**: 40 bits of data (5 bytes) in the following format:
- Byte 0: Humidity integer part
- Byte 1: Humidity decimal part
- Byte 2: Temperature integer part
- Byte 3: Temperature decimal part
- Byte 4: Checksum (sum of bytes 0-3)
4. **Bit Encoding**: Each bit starts with a ~50μs low pulse:
- `0`: ~26-28μs high pulse
- `1`: ~70μs high pulse
### Checksum Validation
The checksum byte should equal the sum of the first 4 data bytes. If validation fails, the reading is retried after 1 second.
## Output Example
```
Time: 2024-04-24 22:30:00
This is esp32c3 chip with 1 CPU core(s), WiFi/BLE, silicon revision v0.4, 4MB embedded flash
Minimum free heap size: 283488 bytes
Humidity: 45.2%
Temperature: 23.5°C
Checksum valid: Yes
```
## Troubleshooting
* Program upload failure
### Common Issues
* Hardware connection is not correct: run `idf.py -p PORT monitor`, and reboot your board to see if there are any output logs.
* The baud rate for downloading is too high: lower your baud rate in the `menuconfig` menu, and try again.
| Issue | Solution |
|-------|----------|
| No sensor readings / checksum fails | Check wiring: DATA to GPIO0, pull-up resistor present |
| Build fails with missing component | Run `idf.py fullclean` then rebuild |
| `driver/gpio.h` not found | Ensure `esp_driver_gpio` is in PRIV_REQUIRES |
| Linker errors with `.riscv.attributes` | Your toolchain may be too new; use ESP-IDF 6.0 compatible version |
## Technical support and feedback
### Debug Mode
Please use the following feedback channels:
To enable debug output:
```bash
idf.py monitor
```
* For technical queries, go to the [esp32.com](https://esp32.com/) forum
* For a feature request or bug report, create a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues)
### Hardware Connection Check
We will get back to you as soon as possible.
Verify your wiring with a multimeter:
- GPIO0 should read HIGH when idle (via pull-up)
- 3V3 is supplying power
- GND is properly connected
## Technical Details
- **Sensor Range**: 0-50°C temperature, 20-90% humidity
- **Accuracy**: ±1°C temperature, ±1% humidity
- **Sampling Rate**: 1Hz maximum (1 reading per second)
- **Resolution**: 1° C, 1% humidity
## License
This project is provided under the **CC0-1.0** license (public domain). See the SPDX identifier in the source file.
## Resources
- [DHT11 Datasheet](https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/718/DHT11-Technical-Data-Sheet-Translated-Version-1137654.pdf)
- [ESP32-C3 Documentation](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32c3/)
- [ESP-IDF Programming Guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32c3/api-guides/index.html)